India's energy landscape heavily features coal, crucial for meeting the nation's growing electricity demands and economic development. Despite international calls for its phase-out due to carbon emissions, energy experts propose that India focus on decarbonizing coal instead, a sentiment echoed by Ashok Lavasa, a former government secretary. India's electricity consumption is expected to double by 2030, with coal-fired plants still providing over 70% of the total electricity supply. However, this reliance comes at a steep environmental price, contributing to about 40% of national carbon emissions.
While India's renewable energy capacity is increasing, it still depends significantly on reliable thermal energy sources that can provide constant power, especially during peak demand times. This inconsistency poses challenges, as renewable sources can only generate power under ideal conditions. Consequently, India's energy storage capabilities have yet to match the expanding renewable infrastructure.
Experts argue that enhancing the efficiency of thermal plants is critical, suggesting that capturing carbon emissions and burning agricultural waste as an alternative to coal could significantly reduce environmental impacts. Nevertheless, systemic changes involving substantial costs are necessary, raising questions around financing and implementation. As India strategizes its coal consumption amidst global climate commitments, the challenge remains: can coal evolve as a cleaner energy source while securing the nation's energy future?
