For over three decades, Isaias Afwerki has ruled Eritrea with an iron fist, overshadowing the optimism that once surrounded his rise to power. Initially embraced as a reformist and symbol of independence after the liberation from Ethiopian rule in 1991, his regime is now known for its severe restrictions on political freedoms, lack of elections, and a stagnant economy.
As the 79-year-old leader spends his days isolated at a rural residence, the voices of discontent are growing among the Eritrean populace. With no cabinet meetings since 2018 and all power centralized in his hands, the dreams of many Eritreans for democracy and reform have faded. The 1990s heralded hope for national elections, but the outbreak of the Eritrea-Ethiopia War in 1998 allowed Afwerki to indefinitely postpone them, claiming national security.
Critics within and outside Eritrea cite Afwerki’s refusal to implement democratic reforms and his silencing of dissenting voices as key turning points. A major crackdown in 2001 saw the closure of independent newspapers and the arrest of government officials advocating for change. The constitutional promises made early in his tenure have since been abandoned, with little remaining path towards reform.
Economic hardships plague the nation, with weak infrastructure and limited competition being major barriers. National service—often seen as a form of forced labor—adds to the suffering of Eritrea’s youth, compelling many to flee the country in search of better lives abroad. Ironically, despite deteriorating conditions, Afwerki continues to enjoy support from factions within the military and ruling party loyalists, as well as some in the diaspora who view him as a guardian of national sovereignty.
Amidst the angst and despair, many Eritreans are left wondering about the future. With no clear successor and Afwerki showing no signs of relinquishing power, the nation faces an uncertain road ahead. Some believe that spiritual redemption could inspire change, yet for now, the hope for a new beginning remains just that—a hope. The struggle continues for Eritrea, as citizens await tangible reforms in a long-awaited journey toward a brighter future.
