Residents on both sides of Thailand's and Cambodia's border evacuated in droves on Monday as fresh clashes erupted, killing at least five people.

Both sides have each accused the other of starting the violence, which is the most serious confrontation between the two countries since they agreed to a ceasefire in July.

Thailand's Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul stated that his country never wanted violence but would use necessary means to preserve its sovereignty, while Cambodia's former leader Hun Sen accused Thai invaders of provoking retaliation.

Declining tensions have resulted in more than 40 deaths since May, coupled with import bans and travel restrictions.

During Monday's encounter, the Thai army said its troops responded to Cambodian fire in Thailand's Ubon Ratchathani Province by launching air strikes along the disputed border, while Phnom Penh's defense ministry claimed the Thai forces attacked first, in Cambodia's Preah Vihear province.

The conflict has significantly impacted local children, leaving them with disrupted educational opportunities. Several reports indicated that around 650 schools in five Thai provinces were ordered to shut for safety reasons, further endangering the educational environment.

Looking back at the ongoing disputes rooted in a century-old border disagreement between Thailand and Cambodia, this latest escalation highlights the fragility of the ceasefire agreements previously brokered.