In brief
The study published in Science Advances found 107,356 species, including plants, animals and fungi, in global trade – more than twice the earlier estimate of around 50,000. Researchers warn that most species lack data on quantity and origin, and call for coordinated, standardized data collection to improve monitoring. The finding expands the known scale of wildlife trade beyond the well‑known illegal wildlife market.
On Oct. 31 2026, a University of Melbourne study announced that over 107,000 species are traded worldwide, more than double the earlier estimate of about 50,000.
The research, published in Science Advances, counted 107,356 species used in global trade, spanning plants, animals and fungi. The study shows that the wildlife trade includes timber, seafood, medicinal plants, pets, cut flowers, ornamental fish and fungi, most of which are legal.
Lead researcher Prof. Alice Hughes explained that for most of these species, “there is little to no data. There is no data on quantity and origins, let alone the population level data to assess if trade poses a risk to species survival.”
For most of these species we have little to no data. There is no data on quantity and origins, let alone the population level data to assess if trade poses a risk to species survival.
Hughes noted that the global biodiversity framework’s current trade target covers only about 2‑3 % of species, leaving 97 % unaccounted for.
The study calls for standardized data collection and better, transparent, globally coordinated reporting. Researchers suggest existing customs and animal‑health inspection processes could be adapted to improve tracking of wildlife trade.
