One of the most significant moments in Australian military history unfolded without fanfare on a tarmac at Sydney airport, when Ben Roberts-Smith was calmly escorted off a plane and into a waiting police car. The country's most-decorated living soldier and the most famous of his generation, Roberts-Smith was on Tuesday charged with five counts of the war crime of murder. It follows a high-profile civil defamation case, which three years ago found that the former Special Air Service (SAS) corporal and Victoria Cross recipient had unlawfully killed several unarmed Afghan detainees.

Roberts-Smith, who left the Australian Defence Force (ADF) in 2013, denies all wrongdoing and says the allegations are egregious and driven by spiteful and jealous peers. His case – now set to be tested to a higher, criminal standard – has become the face of Australia's reckoning over the country's alleged conduct in Afghanistan, which has cast a pall over its much-mythologised military legacy.

The prosecution of such a highly-decorated veteran is an extraordinary moment for the globe. As Professor Donald Rothwell states, the indictment marks a significant cultural and social moment for Australia, a country that has historically valued the contributions of its defence forces. When Roberts-Smith returned from Afghanistan, he was hailed as a national hero, having been awarded Australia's highest military honour for his bravery. However, the tide turned in 2018 when a series of allegations surfaced regarding his conduct during service, leading to a lengthy and costly defamation trial.

It remains uncertain how the legal proceedings will unfold, with challenges including gathering witness testimony and managing public perception of a widely known figure. The implications of this case stretch beyond Roberts-Smith himself, as it questions the very moral fabric of the Australian military and its commitment to ethical conduct in wartime.